| Acer negundo var. negundo |
Eastern boxelder |
No |
No |
Medium Trees |
Wet conditions |
| Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Fire, Heat |
| Acer saccharinum |
Silver maple |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Soil compaction, Dry soils, drought, Air pollution, Heat, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Agrimonia parviflora |
Small-flowered agrimony, Harvest-lice |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Aletris farinosa |
White colicroot |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Alnus serrulata |
Smooth alder, Hazel alder |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Soil compaction, Dry soils, drought, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions, Heat, Fire |
| Amelanchier arborea |
Downy serviceberry |
No |
No |
Medium Trees |
Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Fire |
| Amelanchier canadensis |
Canadian serviceberry |
No |
No |
Medium Trees |
Wet conditions, Fire |
| Amorpha fruticosa |
False indigo-bush, Tall indigo-bush |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Anchistea virginica |
Virginia chain fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Andropogon gerardii |
Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Anatherum glomeratum |
Bushy bluestem, Bushy beardgrass |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions, Salt |
| Aronia arbutifolia |
Red chokeberry |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Aronia melanocarpa |
Black chokeberry |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Asarum canadense |
Common wild ginger |
Yes |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra |
Swamp milkweed, Swamp butterfly weed, Marsh milkweed |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Baccharis halimifolia |
High-tide bush, Groundsel tree |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Betula nigra |
River birch, Red birch |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Fire, Heat |
| Bidens laevis |
Smooth bur-marigold, Showy bur-marigold |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Bignonia capreolata |
Cross-vine |
No |
No |
Vines |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Caltha palustris var. palustris |
Marsh marigold, Cowslip |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Carex frankii |
Frank's sedge |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Wet conditions |
| Carex lupulina |
Hop sedge |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Wet conditions |
| Carex pensylvanica |
Pennsylvania sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Plantain-leaved sedge, Seersucker sedge |
Yes |
Yes |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Mowing, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought |
| Carpinus caroliniana |
American hornbeam, Ironwood |
No |
No |
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Urban environments |
| Celtis occidentalis |
Common hackberry, Northern hackberry |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Air pollution, Poor soil, Wet conditions, Salt, Soil compaction, Acidic soils, Alkaline soils |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis |
Buttonbush |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Fire, Heat |
| Chasmanthium latifolium |
River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Dry soils, drought, Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Chelone glabra |
White turtlehead |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Chrysopsis mariana |
Maryland golden-aster, Maryland golden aster |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Poor soil |
| Claytosmunda claytoniana |
Interrupted fern |
Yes |
Yes |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Clethra alnifolia |
Coastal white-alder, Sweet pepperbush |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Salt, Wet conditions |
| Comptonia peregrina |
Sweet-fern |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Wind |
| Conoclinium coelestinum |
Mistflower, Ageratum, Blue boneset, Blue mistflower, Wild ageratum |
Yes |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Fire |
| Cornus amomum |
Silky dogwood |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Cornus racemosa |
Gray dogwood |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Poor soil, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Decodon verticillatus |
Swamp loosestrife, Water-willow |
No |
No |
Herbs, Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions |
| Diospyros virginiana |
Common persimmon, American persimmon |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Wet conditions, Poor soil, Wind |
| Doellingeria umbellata |
Flat-top white aster, Parasol whitetop, Flat-topped white aster, Parasol white-top, Tall white-aster |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris carthusiana |
Spinulose wood fern, Toothed wood fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris celsa |
Log fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris cristata |
Crested wood fern |
Yes |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris goldieana |
Goldie's wood fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris intermedia |
Evergreen wood fern, Fancy fern |
No |
Yes |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Dryopteris marginalis |
Marginal wood fern, Evergreen wood fern, Evergreen wood-fern, Evergreen woodfern, Leather wood fern, Marginal shield fern, Marginal shield-fern, Marginal woodfern |
No |
Yes |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Elymus virginicus |
Virginia wild rye, Eastern wild rye, Eastern wild-rye, Terrell grass |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Wet conditions |
| Euonymus americanus |
Strawberry-bush, American strawberry-bush, Heart's-a-bustin' |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Boneset, Common boneset |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Eupatorium rotundifolium |
Roundleaf thoroughwort, Roundleaf boneset |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Fire |
| Eutrochium fistulosum |
Hollow joe-pye-weed, Joe pye thoroughwort, Joe-pye weed |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Fire |
| Helenium autumnale |
Common sneezeweed, Autumnale sneezeweed |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Poor soil, Wet conditions |
| Helianthus angustifolius |
Narrow-leaved sunflower |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Poor soil, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Hibiscus moscheutos |
Swamp rose-mallow, Eastern rose-mallow, Crimson-eyed rose-mallow |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Salt, Wet conditions |
| Ilex verticillata |
Winterberry |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Salt, Wet conditions |
| Impatiens capensis |
Orange jewelweed, Spotted jewelweed, Touch-me-not |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Iris versicolor |
Harlequin blueflag, Northern blue flag, Large blue iris |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Salt |
| Iris virginica |
Virginia blue flag, Southern blue flag |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Itea virginica |
Virginia-willow, Virginia sweetspire |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought |
| Juncus effusus |
Soft rush, Common rush |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Wet conditions |
| Juncus tenuis |
Path rush, Slender rush, Poverty rush |
Yes |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Juniperus virginiana |
Eastern redcedar |
No |
Yes |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Liatris spicata |
Dense blazing star, Dense gayfeather, Dense liatris, Marsh blazing star, Marsh gayfeather, Marsh liatris |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Poor soil, Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought |
| Lindera benzoin |
Spicebush |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions, Fire |
| Liquidambar styraciflua |
Sweetgum |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions |
| Lobelia cardinalis |
Cardinal flower |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Salt |
| Lobelia puberula |
Downy lobelia |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Lobelia siphilitica |
Great blue lobelia |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Ludwigia alternifolia |
Seedbox, Alternate-leaved seedbox |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Magnolia virginiana |
Sweetbay magnolia |
No |
Yes |
Medium Trees |
Alkaline soils, Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction |
| Mertensia virginica |
Virginia bluebell, Virginia cowslip |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions |
| Mimulus ringens |
Monkeyflower, Allegheny monkeyflower |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Monarda didyma |
Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Allelopathic plants |
| Monarda punctata |
Horse-mint, Horsemint, Spotted bee-balm |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Poor soil |
| Nyssa sylvatica |
Black gum, Sour gum |
No |
No |
Large Trees, Medium Trees |
Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought, Allelopathic plants, Air pollution |
| Onoclea sensibilis |
Sensitive fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Osmunda spectabilis |
Royal fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Osmundastrum cinnamomeum |
Cinnamon fern |
No |
No |
Fern & Fern Allies |
Wet conditions |
| Packera aurea |
Golden ragwort, Heartleaf ragwort |
Yes |
Yes |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Panicum virgatum |
Switch grass, Switchgrass |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Salt, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions, Allelopathic plants |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
Virginia-creeper |
Yes |
No |
Vines |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Salt, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants, Air pollution |
| Paspalum floridanum |
Florida paspalum |
No |
No |
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes |
Poor soil, Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought |
| Penstemon laevigatus |
Smooth beard-tongue, Eastern smooth beard-tongue, Eastern beardtongue, Hairy beardtongue, Eastern penstemon , Eastern smooth penstemon , Hairy penstemon, Smooth penstemon |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions, Dry soils, drought |
| Persicaria virginiana |
Virginia knotweed, Jumpseed |
Yes |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Pinus taeda |
Loblolly pine |
No |
Yes |
Large Trees |
Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction, Dry soils, drought |
| Platanus occidentalis |
Sycamore, American sycamore |
No |
Yes |
Large Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants, Air pollution, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Quercus bicolor |
Swamp white oak |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants, Poor soil |
| Quercus falcata |
Southern red oak, Spanish oak |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions, Acidic soils |
| Quercus michauxii |
Swamp chestnut oak, Basket oak |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Acidic soils |
| Quercus palustris |
Pin oak |
No |
No |
Medium Trees |
Acidic soils, Salt, Wet conditions, Air pollution |
| Quercus phellos |
Willow oak |
No |
No |
Large Trees |
Salt, Soil compaction, Air pollution, Wet conditions |
| Rhododendron atlanticum |
Dwarf azalea |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions, Acidic soils |
| Rhododendron viscosum var. viscosum |
Swamp azalea, Clammy azalea |
No |
Yes |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Rosa palustris |
Swamp rose |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions |
| Rudbeckia fulgida |
Orange coneflower, Black-eyed susan, Early coneflower, Eastern coneflower, Black eyed susan |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Dry soils, drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions |
| Salix nigra |
Black willow |
No |
No |
Medium Trees |
Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction |
| Salix sericea |
Silky willow |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions |
| Salvia lyrata |
Lyre-leaf sage |
Yes |
No |
Herbs |
Some foot traffic, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |
| Sambucus canadensis |
Common elderberry |
No |
No |
Shrubs & Small Trees |
Wet conditions |
| Saururus cernuus |
Lizard's-tail, Water-dragon |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Wet conditions |
| Solidago caesia |
Bluestem goldenrod, Blue-stemmed goldenrod, Wreath goldenrod, Axillary goldenrod |
No |
No |
Herbs |
Allelopathic plants, Dry soils, drought, Wet conditions |