Butterfly garden

Scientific Name Common Name(s) Ground cover? Evergreen? Plant Form(s) Tolerates
Acer rubrum Red maple No No Large Trees Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions
Achillea borealis Common yarrow Yes No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments
Allium cernuum Nodding onion No No Herbs Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Amelanchier canadensis Canadian serviceberry No No Medium Trees Wet conditions
Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions
Aquilegia canadensis Wild columbine, Eastern red columbine No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Aralia spinosa Devil's walking-stick No No Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Urban environments
Aruncus dioicus var. dioicus Goat's-beard No No Herbs
Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed, Swamp butterfly weed, Marsh milkweed No No Herbs Clay
Asclepias tuberosa No No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Salt
Betula nigra River birch, Red birch No No Large Trees Air pollution, Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Plantain-leaved sedge, Seersucker sedge Yes Yes Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Mowing, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions
Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam, Ironwood No No Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Urban environments
Castanea pumila Allegheny chinquapin No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Ceanothus americanus New jersey tea, Redroot No No Shrubs & Small Trees Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments
Celtis occidentalis Common hackberry, Northern hackberry No No Large Trees Air pollution, Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions, Salt, Soil compaction, Acidic soils, Alkaline soils
Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud No No Medium Trees Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants, Alkaline soils, Soil compaction
Chasmanthium latifolium River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants, Salt, Wet conditions
Conoclinium coelestinum Mistflower, Ageratum Yes No Herbs Wet conditions
Coreopsis verticillata Whorled coreopsis, Thread-leaf coreopsis Yes No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Salt
Cornus florida Flowering dogwood No No Medium Trees Soil compaction
Cornus racemosa Gray dogwood No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments, Wet conditions
Diospyros virginiana Common persimmon, American persimmon No No Large Trees Wet conditions, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Eutrochium dubium Three-nerved joe-pye-weed, Coastal plain joe pye weed , Coastal plain joe-pye weed , Coastal plain joepye weed , Joe pye thoroughwort No No Herbs Wet conditions, Salt
Hypericum prolificum Shrubby st. john's-wort No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction
Ilex decidua Deciduous holly, Possum-haw No No Shrubs & Small Trees Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
Iris cristata Dwarf crested iris Yes No Herbs Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought
Juniperus virginiana Eastern redcedar No Yes Large Trees, Medium Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
Kalmia latifolia Mountain laurel, Ivy No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Acidic soils, Soil compaction
Lindera benzoin Spicebush No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Wet conditions
Lobelia siphilitica Great blue lobelia No No Herbs Wet conditions
Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay magnolia No Yes Medium Trees Alkaline soils, Salt, Wet conditions
Monarda didyma Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea No No Herbs Wet conditions, Allelopathic plants
Myrica cerifera Southern wax myrtle, Southern bayberry No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments
Penstemon digitalis Foxglove beardtongue, Beardtongue No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Persicaria virginiana Virginia knotweed, Jumpseed No No Herbs Wet conditions
Phlox paniculata Fall phlox, Garden phlox No No Herbs Salt, Allelopathic plants
Phlox subulata Moss phlox, Moss-pink Yes Yes Herbs Salt, Some foot traffic, Air pollution, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine No Yes Large Trees Dry soils/drought
Prunus americana American wild plum No No Medium Trees Dry soils/drought
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Narrow-leaf mountain-mint, Slender mountain-mint No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Quercus alba White oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants
Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak No No Large Trees Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought
Quercus falcata Southern red oak, Spanish oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Acidic soils
Quercus michauxii Swamp chestnut oak, Basket oak No No Large Trees Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Acidic soils
Quercus montana Chestnut oak, Rock chestnut oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Quercus muehlenbergii Chinquapin oak, Chinkapin oak, Yellow oak No No Large Trees, Medium Trees Dry soils/drought
Quercus palustris Pin oak No No Medium Trees Acidic soils, Salt, Wet conditions, Air pollution
Quercus phellos Willow oak No No Large Trees Salt, Soil compaction, Air pollution, Wet conditions
Quercus rubra Northern red oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants, Air pollution
Quercus stellata Post oak No No Medium Trees Dry soils/drought, Acidic soils, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Rhododendron maximum Great laurel, White rosebay, Great rhododendron No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Rhododendron viscosum var. viscosum Swamp azalea, Clammy azalea No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumac, Aromatic sumac, Lemon sumac, Polecat bush, Polecat sumac Yes No Shrubs & Small Trees Allelopathic plants, Dry soils/drought
Rhus copallinum Winged sumac, Shining sumac, Flameleaf sumac No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Rhus glabra Smooth sumac No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Allelopathic plants
Rudbeckia fulgida Early coneflower, Eastern coneflower, Orange coneflower, Black-eyed susan No No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions
Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed susan No No Herbs Salt, Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought
Salix caroliniana Carolina willow, Coastal plain willow No No Large Trees, Medium Trees Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Salix nigra Black willow No No Medium Trees Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction
Salvia lyrata Lyre-leaf sage No No Herbs Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Sassafras albidum Sassafras No No Medium Trees Salt, Dry soils/drought
Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem, Prairie beardgrass, Prairie beard ggass No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Some foot traffic, Allelopathic plants, Air pollution
Sedum ternatum Wild stonecrop, Woodland stonecrop Yes Yes Herbs Mowing, Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Solidago chilensis Sweet goldenrod, Anise-scented goldenrod No No Herbs Clay, Dry soils/drought
Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass, Yellow indian grass No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Salt, Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants, Wet conditions
Spiraea alba Narrowleaf meadowsweet No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Symphyotrichum cordifolium Heart-leaved aster, Blue wood aster No No Herbs
Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth blue aster, Smooth aster No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Tilia americana American basswood, American linden, Bee tree No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Air pollution
Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry, Northern highbush blueberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions, Acidic soils, Soil compaction
Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaf viburnum, Dockmackie No No Shrubs & Small Trees
Viburnum dentatum Arrow-wood No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions, Allelopathic plants
Viburnum nudum Southern wild raisin, Possum-haw No No Shrubs & Small Trees Salt, Wet conditions
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